This publication is a reference doc that presents a overview of the ideas and apply associated to design and development of basis, with particular reference to floor situations in Hong Kong. The data given within the publication ought to facilitate the usage of fashionable strategies and information in basis engineering. The Geotechnical Engineering Workplace printed in 1996 a reference doc (GEO Publication No. 1/96) on pile design and development with a Hong Kong perspective. In recent times, there was a rising emphasis on the usage of rational design strategies in basis engineering.

Many high-quality instrumented pile loading exams have been performed, which had resulted in higher understanding of pile behaviour and extra financial basis options. The Geotechnical Engineering Workplace sees the necessity to revise the publication to consolidate the expertise gained and enchancment made within the apply of basis design and development. The scope of the publication can be expanded to cowl the important thing design elements for shallow foundations, in response to the request of the practitioners. Therefore, a brand new publication title is used. The preparation of this publication is underneath the general route of a Working Group.

 

The membership of the Working Group, given on the subsequent web page, consists of representatives from related authorities departments, the Hong Kong Establishment of Engineers and the Hong Kong Construction Affiliation. Copies of a draft model of this doc have been circulated to native skilled our bodies, consulting engineers, contractors, teachers, authorities departments and famend abroad consultants within the discipline of basis engineering. Many people and organisations made very helpful feedback, lots of which have been adopted in finalising this doc. Their contributions are gratefully acknowledged.

The info obtainable to us from instrumented pile loading exams in Hong Kong are collated on this publication. Practitioners are inspired to assist broaden this pile database by persevering with to offer us with uncooked information from native instrumented pile loading exams. The info might be despatched to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Requirements and Testing. Practitioners are inspired to offer feedback to the Geotechnical Engineering Workplace at any time on the contents of the publication, in order that enhancements might be made in future editions.

 

Conventional basis design apply in Hong Kong depends, partially, on the British Code of Observe for Foundations (BSI, 1954), along with empirical guidelines formulated some 40 years in the past from native expertise with foundations in weathered rocks. Foundation design and development for tasks that require the approval of the Constructing Authority shall adjust to the Buildings Ordinance and associated rules. The Code of Observe for Foundations (BD, 2004a) consolidates the apply generally utilized in Hong Kong. Designs in accordance with the code are ‘deemed-to-satisfy’ the Buildings Ordinance and associated rules. Rational design approaches primarily based on accepted engineering ideas are recognised apply and are additionally allowed within the Code of Observe for Foundations.

This publication is meant as a technical reference doc that presents fashionable strategies within the design of basis. Rational design approaches require a higher geotechnical enter together with correctly deliberate website investigations, discipline and laboratory testing, along with consideration of the strategy of development. Using rational strategies to back-analyse outcomes of loading exams on instrumented foundations or the monitored behaviour of prototype buildings has led to a greater understanding of basis behaviour and allows extra dependable and economical design to be employed. This must be continued to additional improve the information such that enhancements to basis design might be made in future tasks.